肾癌诊断检查有哪些？NOXA来告诉你

印度代购提示您，诊断肾癌需要进行实验室检查、影像学检查和病理学检查。实验室检查的目的是作为对患者术前一般状况、肝肾功能以及预后判定的评价指标，主要包括尿素氮、肌酐、肝功能、全血细胞计数、血红蛋白、血钙、血糖、血沉、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶等。目前，尚无公认的可用于临床诊断肾癌的肿瘤标记物。肾癌的临床诊断主要依靠影像学检查，确诊则需病理学检查。

The diagnosis of kidney cancer requires laboratory, imaging, and pathology. The purpose of laboratory examination is to be used as the evaluation index of preoperative general condition, liver and kidney function and prognosis of patients, mainly including urea nitrogen, creatinine, liver function, complete blood count, hemoglobin, blood calcium, blood glucose, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. At present, there is no recognized tumor marker that can be used for clinical diagnosis of renal cancer. The clinical diagnosis of renal cancer mainly depends on imaging examination, and the diagnosis needs pathological examination.

　　印度代购提示您，常用影像学检查项目包括：胸部X线片(正、侧位)、腹部超声、腹部CT、腹部MRI检查，PET或PET-CT检查一般很少用于诊断肾癌，多是用于晚期肾癌患者以便能发现远处转移病灶或用于对进行化疗、分子靶向治疗或放疗患者的疗效评定。对未行CT增强扫描，无法评价对侧肾功能者应行核素肾血流图或静脉尿路造影检查。有下列三项内容之一的肾癌者应该进行核素骨显像检查：

　　1.有相应骨症状。

　　2.碱性磷酸酶高。

　　3.临床分期≥Ⅲ期。对胸部X线片上显示肺部有可疑结节或临床分期≥Ⅲ期的肾癌患者应进行胸部CT扫描检查。对有头痛或相应神经系统症状的肾癌患者还应该进行头部MRI、CT扫描检查。

　　印度代购提示您，由于影像学检查诊断肾癌的符合率高达90%以上，而肾穿刺活检病理检查诊断肾癌的价值有限，所以通常不做肾穿刺活检检查。但对影像学诊断难以判定性质的小肿瘤患者，可以选择行保留肾单位手术或定期(1～3个月)随诊检查。对年老体弱或有手术禁忌证的肾癌患者或不能手术的晚期肾癌且需能量消融治疗(如射频消融、冷冻消融等)或化疗的患者，治疗前为明确诊断，可选择肾穿刺活检获取病理诊断。

India daigou reminds you that since the coincidence rate of imaging examination in the diagnosis of kidney cancer is over 90%, and the value of pathological examination of renal biopsy in the diagnosis of kidney cancer is limited, renal biopsy examination is usually not done. However, for patients with small tumors whose characteristics are difficult to be determined by imaging diagnosis, neon-sparing surgery or regular follow-up examinations (1-3 months) can be selected. For the elderly and frail patients with renal cancer with surgical contraindications or inoperable advanced renal cancer requiring energy ablation (such as radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, etc.) or chemotherapy, renal biopsy can be selected to obtain pathological diagnosis before treatment.