（1）印度代购科普：手术前的饮食护理 癌症切除手术，尤其是某些铲除术都归于很大的手术，对患者机体是较大的创伤。因而，手术前给患者良好的饮食，使患者有较好的体质以保证手术的顺利进行，并是促进患者恢复的必要条件。所以，患者应在术前一段时间内采纳一些具体措施增加养分，如较消瘦的患者要线高热量、高蛋白质、高维生素膳食，使患者能在短期内增加体重；对较肥胖的患者要给高蛋白、低脂肪的膳食，以储存部分蛋白质并耗费体内脂肪，因为体脂过多会影响伤口愈合。对患不同部位肿瘤的患者亦要有针对性的组织膳食，如肝、胆、胰肿瘤的患者要用低脂膳食，而胃肠道肿瘤的病菌术前要组织少渣流食或半流食，以削减胃肠道内残渣。一般患者在术前12小时应禁食，术前4―6小时要禁水，以防止麻醉或手术过程吐逆或并发吸入性肺炎，胃肠道内较多食物积存也将影响手术的顺利进行。
Cancer excision surgery, especially some exfoliations, is considered to be a major operation, which is a great trauma to the patient's body. Therefore, good diet for patients before surgery, so that patients have a better constitution to ensure the smooth operation, and is a necessary condition to promote the recovery of patients. Therefore, patients should adopt some specific measures to increase nutrients in a period of time before surgery, such as thinner patients to line high calorie, high protein, high vitamin diet, so that patients can increase body weight in the short term; Obese patients should be given a high-protein, low-fat diet to store part of the protein and consume body fat, because too much body fat will affect wound healing. Patients suffering from different parts of the tumor should also have targeted tissue diet, such as liver, biliary, pancreatic tumor patients to use low-fat diet, and gastrointestinal tumor bacteria before the organization less residue liquid food or semi-liquid food, to reduce the residue in the gastrointestinal tract. General patients should fast for 12 hours before surgery, and water should be forbidden for 4-6 hours before surgery to prevent vomiting or inhalation pneumonia during anesthesia or surgery, and more food accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract will also affect the smooth operation.
（2）印度代购科普：手术后的饮食护理
手术后初期一般选用特别途径供给养分，如静脉高养分。待胃肠道功能恢复后，可以先给清流食或流食，逐步过渡到半流食，经过一段时间后再顺次过渡到软膳食或一般膳食，以要给患者补充很多的蛋白质和维生素。为了促进患者的早日恢复或赶快接受其它医治，术后患者原则上给予高蛋白质、高热量和高维生素的养分膳食，如牛羊肉和瘦猪肉，鸡肉，鱼、虾、鸡蛋、排内及豆制品，可以给患者多喝牛奶、藕粉和鲜果汁，以及多吃新鲜的蔬菜水果。 印度代购科普：不同手术部位患者的膳食组织. 1)非胸腹部手术的患者，一般在麻醉反应消失后或小手术后进食，可***给冷流食，次日给流食，第三天改为半流食。口腔部位肿瘤手术后要酌情允计进食，以半流食和软膳为好。膳食要养分充足，食物细、软、烂，如牛奶、酸奶、豆浆、豆腐脑、藕粉、面糊、菜泥、肉泥等，忌硬食物或辛辣刺激食物。 2)腹部手术的患者，胃肠手术后，患者在术后3――4天排气，然后可少数清流食，再改为全流食；几天后改为少渣半流食，需经一段时间后过渡到软食，习惯后不能用一般膳食。 3)头部肿瘤手术的患者，关于术后昏迷的患者，合理的饮食护理能促进患者早日恢复，并削减合并症发生。昏迷患者一般可选用鼻饲的办法给予高热量、高蛋白质的流食。
3) For patients with head tumor surgery and postoperative coma, reasonable dietary nursing can promote the early recovery of patients and reduce the incidence of complications. Coma patients can choose the method of nasal feeding to give high quantity of heat, high protein liquid food.
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