多发性骨髓瘤需要做哪些检查

印度正品代购科普：多发性骨髓瘤需要做哪些检查

　　1.生化常规检查

　　血清异常球蛋白增多，而白蛋白正常或减少。尿凝溶蛋白(又称尿本周氏蛋白)半数阳性。在患者的蛋白电泳或M蛋白鉴定结果中会出现特征性的高尖的“M峰”或“M蛋白”。故常规生化检查中，若球蛋白总量增多或蛋白电泳中出现异常高尖的“M峰”，应到血液科就诊，除外骨髓瘤的诊断。

Serum abnormal globulin increased while albumin was normal or decreased. Urine coagulant protein (also known as urine week's protein) half positive. The characteristic high-pointed "M peak" or "M protein" appears in the protein electrophoresis or M protein identification results of patients. Therefore, in the routine biochemical examination, if the total amount of globulin increases or abnormally high "M peak" appears in protein electrophoresis, the hematology department should be visited, except for the diagnosis of myeloma.

　　2.血常规检查

　　贫血多呈正细胞、正色素性，血小板正常或偏低。

　　3.骨髓检查

　　浆细胞数目异常增多≥10%，为形态异常的原始或幼稚浆细胞。

　　4.骨骼X线检查

　　可见多发性溶骨性穿凿样骨质缺损区或骨质疏松、病理性骨折。对于MM患者的骨损害，一般认为CT、核磁共振(MRI)等发现病变的机会早于X线检查;这些影像学手段检查对骨损害病变的敏感性依次为：PET-CT>MRI>CT>X线。

　　5.染色体、荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)等生物学检查

　　骨髓染色体17p13缺失，和/或t(4;14)和/或t(14;16)异常，往往提示高危。荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)，特别是用CD138(在大多数骨髓瘤细胞表达阳性)磁珠纯化后的FISH即iFISH检查，更能提高检验的阳性率。这一检测已被用于2015年新修订的国际预后分期系统(R-ISS分期系统)中。

　　6.血清游离轻链检查

　　较普通的血或尿轻链检查敏感性高，已被国际骨髓瘤工作组(IMWG)专家定义为严格完全缓解(sCR)的疗效标准。若MM患者治疗后，血清游离轻链由阳性转为阴性，其疗效为严格完全缓解。

It is more sensitive than common blood or urine light chain tests and has been defined by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) experts as a strict complete response (sCR). If the serum free light chain of MM patients changed from positive to negative after treatment, the curative effect was strict complete remission.